Common Pelvic Surgeries and How Physical Therapy Can Help

Pelvic surgeries, whether related to the bladder, reproductive organs, or other pelvic structures, are increasingly common as we seek solutions for a variety of pelvic health issues. However, post-surgical recovery can be complex, requiring specialized rehabilitation to optimize healing and restore function. This is where physical therapy (PT) plays a critical role. In this post, we will explore some of the most common pelvic surgeries and how physical therapy can support recovery and improve long-term outcomes.

Common Pelvic Surgeries

1. Hysterectomy
   A hysterectomy involves the removal of the uterus and, in some cases, the ovaries or fallopian tubes. It is typically performed to treat conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, or cancer. After a hysterectomy, pelvic floor muscles may weaken or become imbalanced, affecting bladder and bowel control, as well as sexual function.
   

2. Prostatectomy
   Prostatectomy is the removal of the prostate gland, commonly performed to treat prostate cancer. After this surgery, many men experience temporary or long-term issues with urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and pelvic pain, all of which can benefit from physical therapy.
   

3. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair
   Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the bladder, uterus, or rectum drops down into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic floor muscles. Surgery to repair prolapse, such as a vaginal or abdominal approach, can help restore pelvic support. Physical therapy is essential to prevent recurrence and promote proper muscle function.
   

4. Bladder Sling Surgery
   Bladder sling surgery is often done for urinary incontinence in women. A sling is placed to support the bladder and urethra, helping to prevent leakage. Post-surgery physical therapy can assist in regaining normal bladder function and strengthening the pelvic floor muscles.
   

5. Rectocele or Cystocele Repair
   Rectocele (prolapse of the rectum) and cystocele (prolapse of the bladder) are often repaired surgically when non-surgical treatments fail. Physical therapy after these surgeries is crucial for strengthening the pelvic floor and ensuring proper muscle tone and alignment.
   

6. Cesarean Section (C-Section)
   Though not a pelvic surgery in the traditional sense, a C-section involves abdominal and pelvic tissue healing. Physical therapy can help women regain abdominal strength and improve pelvic floor function after childbirth via C-section.
   

7. Fistula Repair Surgery
   Fistulas are abnormal connections between the vagina, rectum, or bladder, which can occur due to childbirth or certain medical conditions. Fistula repair surgery helps restore normal anatomical function, and pelvic floor rehabilitation can aid in regaining full function and strength.
   

How Physical Therapy Can Help

Pelvic floor physical therapy focuses on strengthening, relaxing, and coordinating the pelvic muscles, which play an essential role in bladder, bowel, and sexual health. After pelvic surgery, PT can:

1. Promote Healing and Recovery
   Physical therapists help guide safe and effective rehabilitation, teaching exercises that promote healing and restore muscle strength without risking further injury.
   

2. Improve Bladder and Bowel Control
   Many pelvic surgeries impact bladder and bowel control. Pelvic floor therapy can help restore function by strengthening the muscles that support the bladder, urethra, and rectum.
   

3. Reduce Pain and Discomfort
   Pelvic surgery may lead to pain in the pelvic area, lower back, or even the hips. PT can use manual techniques, stretches, and strengthening exercises to alleviate pain and discomfort.
   

4. Enhance Sexual Function
   After pelvic surgery, some people experience changes in sexual function. Pelvic physical therapy can address pelvic floor dysfunction, helping to reduce pain and restore sensation.
   

5. Prevent Future Prolapse or Incontinence
   For individuals undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse, PT can play an essential role in preventing recurrence by strengthening the pelvic floor and improving posture and alignment.
   

6. Improve Posture and Core Strength
   Surgery may affect core strength and posture, which can place additional stress on the pelvic region. PT helps restore core strength, stability, and overall alignment to support pelvic health.